Evonik Researching Biodegradable High-Strength Composites

Evonik is investigating development of biodegradable high-strength composites. These materials could potentially replace metal in implants used for the internal fixation of fractured bones.

Today’s metallic devices typically remain in the body for the rest of the patient’s life or require a second surgery for removal. By contrast, devices made with Evonik’s new composites are designed to be absorbed by the body gradually once the bone healing process has taken place. These materials consist of polymers and of substances that naturally occur in bones.

The polymers break down into carbon dioxide and water. Degradation time depends on molecular composition, chain length and crystallinity. They can last from a few weeks to many months–providing time for bones or other tissues to regenerate.

Medical device manufacturers use RESOMER® polymers marketed by Evonik’s Health Care Business Line to make bio absorbable screws, pins and small plates. These are primarily used for torn ligaments in the knee or shoulder, and for fixation of smaller bones in fingers or the face.

However, as Dr. Andreas Karau, Head of Evonik’s Project House notes, “At the moment, the materials we have available are not strong enough to be used for large, load-bearing bones.” Consequently, the researchers at Medical Devices Project House are exploring composite materials that reinforce biodegradable polymers with inorganic substances, such as derivatives of calcium phosphate. Not only do these additives strengthen the material, they enhance its biocompatibility. “As the polymers gradually break down, calcium and phosphate can be absorbed into the newly formed bone tissue,” Karau explains.

Moreover, the researchers’ vision goes even further. With the right materials, they could harness 3D printing to create made-to measure implants for individual patients. One of the goals of Evonik’s researchers in Birmingham is to make its biodegradable polymers suitable for this additive manufacturing process. Karau adds: “In the long term, we intend to develop polymeric scaffolds that could be colonized with living cells – creating a true biological implant.” This approach would make it possible to regenerate cartilage, for example – or to replace damaged heart tissue with healthy tissue. However, the researchers must first find ways to improve the materials’ biocompatibility.

Source: Evonik

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